Note that there are various types of caulk.
Seal gap between siding concrete.
Find the entrances mice use to enter your home.
In this case what i would use is a polyurethane caulk made for masonry like this one.
They are typically mechanically robust adhere extremely well to almost everything especially wood and concrete and are stretchy enough for seasonal building movement.
Look under the siding at the area meeting the foundation of your home for holes and gaps.
Leave a 1 8 gap between the siding and the trim or other materials to allow for structural movement.
All it takes is backer rod and concrete flex sealant.
Since some of the siding looks like it will need re priming and painting make sure that you use a paintable type of caulk.
I am going to assume that you have a concrete patio which has a small gap where it meets the house foundation.
Crawl around the exterior of your home and use a flashlight to find cracks holes and gaps.
Loctite pl10 often the gap to be filled is quite deep.
Do not caulk between siding and any built in receiving channels located at or around windows.
Theoretically you could seal the tar paper to the foundation with foam spray caulking something similar.
Vertical trim gap caulking.
The best solution here may be to clean up that area of all debris let it be fully dry and then apply a bead of qood quality exterior grade caulking material.
How to seal and fix a gap between foundation and concrete sidewalk or patio.
In that case the use of backer rod before caulking is recommended.
Always caulk between the siding and the trim.
Not a vapor barrier as you say but it prevents water that makes it past the siding from getting any further into the wall.
The urethane caulk sealants were developed for the joints between the panels in concrete tilt up construction.
Use a small.